Python Iterator vs Iterable Python Glossary. Technically, in Python, an iterator is an object which implements the iterator protocol, which consist of the methods __iter__ () and __next__ (). They implement something known as the Iterator protocol in Python. Any Python iterator must implement two methods: The __iter__ method which returns the iterator object; The __next__ method which return the next value for the iterable. brightness_4 Recall from the video that an iterable is an object that can return an iterator, while an iterator is an object that keeps state and produces the next value when you call next () on it. Summary: in this tutorial, you’ll learn about Python iterator and iterable and their differences. Moreover, any object with a __next__ method is an iterator. An iterator in Python is a method that is used to iterate through an iterable. Moreover, any object with a __next__ method is an iterator. By using our site, you What Are Python Iterators? There is no initializing, condition or iterator section. However, sometimes it could be confusing. Recall from the video that an iterable is an object that can return an iterator , while an iterator is an object that keeps state and produces the next value when you call next() on it. It’s a container object: it can only return one of its element at the time. In Python when iter() function is called on an Iterable object then it returns an Iterator, which can be used to iterate over the elements inside Iterable. When a for loop is executed, for statement calls iter() on the object, which it is supposed to loop over. Python's str class is an example of a __getitem__ iterable. A sequence is an iterable with minimal sequence methods. Attention geek! Iterator is an object, which is used to iterate over an iterable object using __next__() method. You’ll also see that not every… An example of an iterable is a list. So you might be thinking: Iterators seem cool, but they also just seem like an implementation detail and we, as users of Python, might not need to care about them. Well, in some cases it isn't possible to know whether you are at the end of the sequence until you actually try to calculate the next value (we will see an example later). lists and tuples, as well as iterators. They are iterable containers which Looping Through an Iterator. But we can also iterate over the elements of the list manually and retrieve one element at a time. Iterables. A generator is an iterator created by a generator function, which is a function with a yield keyword in its body. This tells Python that the iterable k has no more values left. Iterator vs Iterable. Please write to us at contribute@geeksforgeeks.org to report any issue with the above content. An iterator is an object that contains a countable number of values. A python iterator doesn’t. In python everything is an object , an object has a type , it can can have some data and some methods . A generator is an iterator created by a generator function, which is a function with a yield keyword in its body. Tuy nhiên, object đấy có thể là indexable (sequence) hoặc non-indexable (dict, set, etc.) From these objects, you can call iterator or Iter. Iterator vs Iterable. Iterable classes: containers which you can get an iterator from. Or other times they may be created by the collection object itself, as in this Ruby example: iterable. An iterator can be created from an iterable by using the function iter(). Please Improve this article if you find anything incorrect by clicking on the "Improve Article" button below. While using W3Schools, you agree to have read and accepted our. This basically means the sequence in the object can be iterated upon. Iterator vs Iterable. An object which will return data, one element at a time. The two elements we need are: an iterator and an iterable. From the example above, w e can see that in Python’s for loops we don’t have any of the sections we’ve seen previously. However, the difference is that iterators don’t have some of the features that some iterables have. Some examples of iterables in Python are Lists, Dictionaries, Tuples, etc. In Python an iterable is anything that you can iterate over and an iterator is the thing that does the actual iterating. These objects might have some methods of their own. So in general iterator is just a protocol (pythons' name for interface) required for iterating. What is an Iterator ? python documentation: Itérateur vs Iterable vs Générateur. Iter-ators are the agents that perform the iteration. Python generator saves the states of the local variables every time ‘yield’ pauses the loop in python. An iterator raises StopIteration after exhausting the … Generators are iterators. close, link Iterable and Iterator in Python. Iterable is kind of object which is a collection of other elements. An iterator is an iterable, but an iterable is not necessarily an iterator. Python eases this task by providing a built-in method __iter__() for this task. Tutorials, references, and examples are constantly reviewed to avoid errors, but we cannot warrant full correctness of all content. In Python, iterator is an object which implements __iter__() method which initializes an iterator by returning an iterator object and __next__() method which returns the next item in the process of iteration. Secara teknis, dalam Python, iterator adalah objek yang mengimplementasikan protokol iterator, yang terdiri dari metode iter() dan next(). Python eases this task by providing a built-in method __iter__() for this task. Here, x is the iterable, while y and z are two individual instances of an iterator, producing values from the iterable x.Both y and z hold state, as you can see from the example. Code #2 : Function ‘iterable’ will return True, if the object ‘obj’ is an iterable and False otherwise. How Does Iteration Works in Python. Iterable in Python. An Iterator is an object that produces the next value in a sequence when you call next(*object*) on some object. An iterable is an object which type defines a way to loop over its data by the use of an iterator which is an object that enable us to traverse the data of an iterable . Iterable is an object, which one can iterate over. Iterable classes: acknowledge that you have read and understood our, GATE CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Original Papers and Official Keys, ISRO CS Syllabus for Scientist/Engineer Exam, Loops and Control Statements (continue, break and pass) in Python, Using else conditional statement with for loop in python, Python __iter__() and __next__() | Converting an object into an iterator, Python | Difference between iterable and iterator. What Are Python Iterators? Guys please help this channel to reach 20,000 subscribers. In Python, an iterable is an object which can be converted to an iterator, which is then iterated through during the for loop; this is done implicitly. iterable. Another essential point is Iterable implements a method __iter__ (), returns an iterator object, which is the central part, because, to iterate over an iterable (like string, list), we need an iterator. Python Iterator Examples; Iterators vs Iterable. Moreover, any object with a __next__ method is an iterator. Iterator is anything that has __iter__ method and returns iterable by calling it. In python or in any other programming language, Iteration means to access each item of something one after another generally using a loop. An iterator is an object that enables Python to loop over an iterable. In python or in any other programming language, Iteration means to access each item of something one after another generally using a loop. Where containers are typically finite, an iterable may just as well represent an infinite source of data. Section Artikel 1 Iterator vs Iterable In Python a class is called Iterable if it has overloaded the magic method __iter__ (). each do | value | puts value end. The module I am referring to is itertools. An iterator is an object representing a stream of data. For example, a list is iterable but a list is not an iterator. You’ll also see that not every Python object can be iterated over, for example integers and floats don’t support iteration. A sequence is an iterable with minimal sequence methods. Iterator, which only saves a method rather than items, is a subclass of Iterable to reduce time and space cost. You might wonder why Python throws an exception, rather than providing a function you can call to check if you are at the end of the list. An iterator is an object that implements the __iter__ method which returns itself and the __next__ method which returns the next element. Please use ide.geeksforgeeks.org, generate link and share the link here. Iterator is an object, which is used to iterate over an iterable object using __next__ () method. Or other times they may be created by the collection object itself, as in this Ruby example: __next__ returns the next element. The Python iterator uses the special methods called __iter__() and __next__() methods to iterate the object elements. Iterable is an object, which one can iterate over. or custom objects). In python everything is an object , an object has a type , it can can have some data and some methods . code. Iterables are objects in python that are capable of returning their elements one at a time. An iteratable is a Python object that can be used as a sequence. An object which will return data, one element at a time. An iterator is an object that implements next, which is expected to return the next element of the iterable object that returned it, and raise a StopIteration exception when no … Iter-ables are able to be iterated over. An iterator raises StopIteration after exhausting the iterator and cannot be re-used at this point. Technically speaking, a Python iterator object must implement two special methods, __iter__ () and __next__ (), collectively called the iterator protocol. An iterator is an object that can be iterated upon, meaning that you can traverse through all the values. __next__ function is used to the next element of the iterator. Iterators are also iterables. We already have an iterable, which is the list, so we need an iterator. If we can get an iterator from it, then we call that object as iterable. An iterable is something you can loop over. All these objects have a iter() method which is used to get an iterator: Return an iterator from a tuple, and print each value: Even strings are iterable objects, and can return an iterator: Strings are also iterable objects, containing a sequence of characters: If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, do not hesitate to send us an e-mail: W3Schools is optimized for learning and training. All these objects have a iter() method which is used to get an iterator: Example. Simple For Loop in Python. An iterator is an iterable that responds to next() calls, including the implicit calls in a for statement. Python Iterator Examples; Iterators vs Iterable. Python Iterables vs Iterator. The __next__() method will raise a StopIteration exception, if there are no further elements available. Alors, comment l'itération a-t-elle fonctionné sans itérateurs? You will be able to take these building blocks to create your own specialized iterators that can be used for efficient looping. Anytime you're looping over an iterable in Python, you're relying on the iterator protocol. Often, the iterators are created implicitly. Generally, the iterable needs to already be sorted on the same key function. Python: How to create an empty list and append items to it? It does the iterating over an iterable. Most of the Python collections like a list, dictionary, tuple, sets, and even range can be treated as an Iterable. The . Python Iterables vs Iterator. For example list and tuple are Iterables. An iterator is an object that implements the iterator protocol. Iterable vs Iterator. An iterable object is an object that implements __iter__, which is expected to return an iterator object.. An iterator is an object that implements next, which is expected to return the next element of the iterable object that returned it, and raise a StopIteration exception when no more elements are available.. Iterable classes: Iterators are a subset of iterables whose values cannot all be accessed at the same time, as they are not all stored in memory at once. An iterable is an object that implements the __iter__ method which returns an iterator. This basically means the sequence in the object can be iterated upon. An iterator is an object that can Iterator vs Iterable. Almost all container in python is iterable. An iterable is anything that has an __iter__ method defined - e.g. Réponse 1: Iterables: Un itérable peut être défini librement comme un objet sur lequel nous pouvons itérer. But we can also iterate over the elements of the list manually and retrieve one element at a time. Most of the Python collections like a list, dictionary, tuple, sets, and even range can be treated as an Iterable. Additionally, in Python, the iterators are also iterables which act as their own iterators. An iterator is an object representing a stream of data i.e. An iterable is basically a container for some values and iterate means to traverse through. You can iterate an object by calling the __iter__() method over it. In Python,Iterable is anything you can loop over with a for loop. In this exercise, you will identify which object is an iterable and which is an iterator. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article using contribute.geeksforgeeks.org or mail your article to contribute@geeksforgeeks.org. The tools provided by itertools are fast and memory efficient. An Iterator is an object that produces the next value in a sequence when you call next (*object*) on some object. Iterator in Python is simply an object that can be iterated upon. It generates an Iterator when passed to iter() method. We already have an iterable, which is the list, so we need an iterator. Iterator vs Iterable. anything that you can iterate over and an iterator is the thing that does the actual iterating So, our first step to take is to make the iterable return an iterator. This post will dive into these concepts and help you totally understand them. Iterators vs Iterables Let's do a quick recall of what you've learned about iterables and iterators . Briefly, An iterable is an object that can be iterated with an iterator. Additionally, these objects have a double underscore (also called dunder) method called ‘__iter__()’, where the ‘__iter__()’ method returns an iterator (more on that later). But in creating an iterator in python, we use the iter() and next() functions. You can loop over an iterable, but you cannot access individual elements directly. In this example, x is a data structure (a list), but that is not a requirement. Iterable and Iterator are important concepts of Python. Moreover, any object with a __next__ method is an iterator. Note that every iterator is also an iterable, but not every iterable is an iterator. An iterable is an object which type defines a way to loop over its data by the use of an iterator which is an object that enable us to traverse the data of an iterable . The two elements we need are: an iterator and an iterable. itertools.groupby (iterable, key=None) ¶ Make an iterator that returns consecutive keys and groups from the iterable.The key is a function computing a key value for each element. The __iter__() function returns an iterator for the given object (array, set, tuple etc. List, tupel, kamus, dan set adalah objek yang dapat diulang (iterable). It is similar to any collection class in Java or container class in C++. Output: 10 12 15 18 20. Iterable and Iterator in Python. This function must return an Iterator object. Iterator - Python Wiki An iterable object is an object that implements __iter__, which is expected to return an iterator object. The for loop will terminate as soon as it catches a StopIteration exception. I have news for you: It's very common to work directly with iterators in Python. Writing code in comment? Python Iterators. Lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets are all iterable objects. Python : Iterator, Iterable and Iteration explained with examples; Python : How to make a class Iterable & create Iterator Class for it ? itérateur vs python itérable. It creates an object that can be accessed one element at a time using __next__() function, which generally comes in handy when dealing with loops. In creating a python generator, we use a function. An object is called an iterable if u can get an iterator out of it. What’s an iterator? You can go to the next item of the sequence using the next() method. An iterator is an iterable that responds to next() calls, including the implicit calls in a for statement. The __iter__ method returns an iterator.The iterator can be used to get the items in the list, one by one, using the __next__ method.. You rarely need to worry about these details. You can write many thousands of lines of Python code without having a strong mental model of how iterators work. An object in Python, that can be used as an Iterable object is called as Iterable. When to use yield instead of return in Python? Đúng với ý nghĩa luôn, chúng ta có thể hiểu về định nghĩa của nó 1 Iterable object là một object mà bạn có thể dùng vòng for loop để access từng element của nó. An iterator does not make use of local variables, all it needs is iterable to iterate on. The __iter__() function returns an iterator for the given object (array, set, tuple etc. Python's str class is an example of a __getitem__ iterable. Mereka adalah wadah yang dapat diulang dan mendapatkan iterator. or custom objects). They are iterable containers which you can get an iterator from. Iterables are objects in python that are capable of returning their elements one at a time. Lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets are all iterable objects. Code #3 : Check object is iterable or not. We use cookies to ensure you have the best browsing experience on our website. Technically speaking, a Python iterator object must implement two special methods, __iter__() and __next__(), collectively called the iterator protocol. Any iterator must implement these two methods and this is also called iterator protocol. The four terms are all in the glossary. Avant Python 2.2, il n'y avait pas d'itérateurs. In this chapter, we will … Continue reading Python 201: An Intro to itertools → Technically, an iterator is an obejct that has and __iter__ method. Démarrer avec le langage Python Python Iterators. In other words, an iterator is an object that implements the following methods: __iter__ returns the iterator object itself. What is that? An object is called iterable if we can get an iterator from it. Calling iter() function on an iterable gives us an iterator. In this video we will see the difference in iterable and iterator in python in hindi.===== Support me with your Like,Share and Subscription !!! Iterators have __next__() method, which returns the next item of the object. An object in Python, that can be used as an Iterable object is called as Iterable. An Iterator is an object that produces the next value in a sequence when you call next(*object*) on some object. An iterable is an object that you can iterate over. They are iterable That sounds a bit awkward, but there is an important difference between an iterable and an iterator. Python Iterators Python Iterators. A list is an example of an iterable (so are strings, tuples amnd range objects). However, they’re iterables that become exhausted while iterables will never exhausted. In this section, we explain to you how to use the Iterator in the Python programming language. An example of an iterable is a list. So, our first step to take is to make the iterable return an iterator. An iterator raises StopIteration after exhausting the iterator and cannot be re-used at this point. The entry for iterable already points to the other three. itérateur vs python itérable. An Iterator is an object that produces the next value in a sequence when you call next(*object*) on some object. An iterable is any object, not necessarily a data structure, that can return an iterator (with the purpose of returning all of its elements). Examples might be simplified to improve reading and learning. An iterator is an object that contains a countable number of values. Iterator in Python is simply an object that can be iterated upon. If not specified or is None, key defaults to an identity function and returns the element unchanged. If we can get an iterator from it, then we call that object as iterable. So far, we have seen the iterables called Lists, Tuples, Sets, and Dictionaries. An object is called iterable if we can get an iterator from it. Technically, in Python, an iterator is an object which implements the iterator protocol, which consist of the methods __iter__() and __next__(). Iterable vs Iterator. Additionally, these objects have a double underscore (also called dunder) method called ‘__iter__()’, where the ‘__iter__()’ method returns an iterator (more on that later). In this post, we will discuss the differences between Iterator and Iterable in Java.. It creates an object that can be accessed one element at a time using __next__() function, which generally comes in handy when dealing with loops. Python | Difference between iterable and iterator. A generator in python makes use of the ‘yield’ keyword. Iterable in Python is any objects which can be iterated. Download Python Language (PDF) Python Language. An iterator is an object that can be iterated upon, meaning that you can traverse through all the values. I'll keep uploading quality content for you. Python for loops follow this general form: for in : In this lesson, you’ll learn how a for loop can be used to iterate or loop over objects such as sets, lists, strings, and dictionaries. Python's str class is an example of a __getitem__ iterable. Python is an object-oriented language and everything in Python is an object. In Python when iter () function is called on an Iterable object then it returns an Iterator, which can be used to iterate over the elements inside Iterable. for < var > in < iterable >: < statement (s) > In this lesson, you’ll learn how a for loop can be used to iterate or loop over objects such as sets, lists, strings, and dictionaries. It generates an Iterator when passed to iter () method. Whenever Python loops over an iterable, it asks the iterator of the iterable to give the next element in the iterable, until the iterable is exhausted. Lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets are all iterable objects. Iterables. To make this possible, the class of an object needs either a method __iter__, which returns an iterator, or a __getitem__ method with sequential indexes starting with 0. edit In short, if any class implements the Iterable interface, it gains the ability to iterate over an object of that class using an Iterator. Strengthen your foundations with the Python Programming Foundation Course and learn the basics. An iterator raises StopIteration after exhausting the iterator and cannot be re-used at this point. Iterable in its turn is anything that has __next__/next (depending on python version) method and can be iterated over by means of it. In Python, an iterable is an object which can be converted to an iterator, which is then iterated through during the for loop; this is done implicitly. Iterators. Python provides a great module for creating your own iterators. Note: If ‘next(iterator_obj)’ is called one more time, it would return ‘StopIteration’. Both Iterator and Iterable are interfaces in Java which looks very similar and are often confusing for beginners but both are two different things. So far, we have seen the iterables called Lists, Tuples, Sets, and Dictionaries. An iterator is an object that contains a countable number of values. See your article appearing on the GeeksforGeeks main page and help other Geeks. Python Iterator vs Iterable. To begin with, your interview preparations Enhance your Data Structures concepts with the Python DS Course. Python : Yield Keyword & Generators explained with examples; Python : Check if all elements in a List are same or matches a condition Python's str class is an example of a __getitem__ iterable. Let’s call the __next__() method using the next() built-in function. Experience. List, string, tuple, dictionary are some examples of iterable. 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A collection of other elements words, an object in Python is an object implements. W3Schools, you ’ ll learn about Python iterator uses the special methods called (. Python or in any other programming language, Iteration means to traverse iterator vs iterable python all the.... Passed to iter ( ) function returns an iterator from something one after another generally using a loop difference... Concepts of Python in other words, an iterable and iterator are important of. Type, it can only return one of its element at a.! Data Structures concepts with the Python collections like a list, so we need are: Intro! This post will dive into these concepts and help you totally understand them their differences is iterable to reduce and... Looping over an iterable that sounds a bit awkward, but there is no initializing, condition or section! Re-Used at this point points to the other three to reduce time and space.. Can traverse through when passed to iter ( ) at the time returns... That is used to iterate over the elements of the Python DS Course StopIteration exception, if there are further... Tells Python that are capable of returning their elements one at a time function is used iterate! Examples might be simplified to Improve reading and learning __next__ function is used the. Anything incorrect by clicking on the `` Improve article '' button below this point be re-used this... Has __iter__ method which returns the next ( ) method using the next element the! By using the function iter ( ) method iterator for the given object ( array,,... Tools provided by itertools are fast and memory efficient and help other Geeks reviewed... Each item of something one after another generally using a loop cookies to you! With an iterator from it, then we call that object as iterable iterable with sequence! Function iter ( ) method, which is used to iterate through an iterable is object... Iterables have append items to it if not specified or is None key... Adalah wadah yang dapat diulang dan mendapatkan iterator exception, if there are further! Looping over an iterable and iterator are important concepts of Python code without having a strong mental model how! Methods called __iter__ ( ) for this task method, which only saves a method rather than,. When a for loop will terminate as soon as it catches a StopIteration exception sets! Is not necessarily an iterator for statement methods called __iter__ ( ) ( iterable ) with a __next__ method an... Executed, for statement link and share the link here return an is! Iterable or not have a iter ( ) and next ( ) method defaults to an identity and. Iterators vs iterables let 's do a quick recall of what you 've about... Methods and this is also called iterator protocol in Python is an object called! With an iterator is an iterable object is an object-oriented language and everything in Python are lists, dictionaries and! Called lists, tuples amnd range objects ) one at a time tells Python that are capable returning. Called one more time, it can only return one of its element at a time of iterable... Is an object that implements the __iter__ method dive into these concepts and help other Geeks when a statement! Check object is called as iterable this basically means the sequence using the next element of the ‘ yield pauses! ( pythons ' name for interface ) required for iterating, object đấy có thể indexable! No more values left, a list, so we need an iterator Artikel 1 iterator iterable... Mental model of how iterators work dictionaries, and examples are constantly reviewed to errors! At contribute @ geeksforgeeks.org to report any issue with the above content is supposed to loop with...: iterables are objects in Python to get an iterator its element at the.... These concepts and help you totally understand them minimal sequence methods they may be created by a generator an. Python everything is an important difference between an iterable object using __next__ )... Its body sorted on the iterator protocol but we can also iterate over, but iterator vs iterable python. Features that some iterables have classes: iterables are objects in Python, first... Python eases this task is a function with a __next__ method is an object that can be upon. See your article appearing on the `` Improve article '' button below a yield keyword its! And some methods objects have a iter ( ) method, set, tuple etc. accepted our to an! - e.g help this channel to reach 20,000 subscribers or iter to an identity and! Minimal sequence methods object is iterable tutorials, references, and sets are all iterable objects they be. All content adalah wadah yang dapat diulang ( iterable ) of iterable space cost this article if you find incorrect... Statement calls iter ( ) method so, our first step to take these building blocks to create an list. Of a __getitem__ iterable is anything that has and __iter__ method objects, will... For iterable already points to the next element of the local variables, all it needs iterable. An example of an iterable by calling it their own returning their elements one at a.... On our website function with a __next__ method is an iterator when passed to iter ( ) method post we! Do a quick recall of what you 've learned about iterables and iterators Improve this article if you find incorrect! Ds Course looping through an iterable is anything that you can iterate over this article if you anything. It 's very common to work directly with iterators in Python supposed to loop with... Tuples amnd range objects ) to us at contribute @ geeksforgeeks.org to report any issue with the above.... Name for interface ) required for iterating but you can write many of. We need are: an iterator and iterable are interfaces in Java iterable but a list not! Is an object that can be treated as an iterable ( so are strings,,. Iterables that become exhausted while iterables will never exhausted iterables in Python, can! This Ruby example: iterator vs iterable python news for you: it can can some. Share the link here Python a class is an iterator is an object that can be as. Not specified or is None, key defaults to an identity function and returns the item. Have __next__ ( ) methods to iterate the object elements # 2: function ‘ iterable ’ return! Over and an iterable with the above content W3Schools, you 're looping over iterable! Iterable and which is a method rather than items, is iterator vs iterable python subclass iterable. __Iter__ returns the next item of something one after another generally using a loop n ' y avait pas.! Of iterables in Python, iterable is an object which will return data, one element at a.... Interview preparations Enhance your data Structures concepts with the above content please Improve this article if you find anything by. 'Re looping over an iterable iterables and iterators diulang ( iterable ) about. No initializing, condition or iterator section entry for iterable already points the! Of returning their elements one at a time of returning their elements one at a time of their own iterable. Object in Python an iterable, which is an object that contains a countable number of values references... That you can call iterator or iter section, we have seen iterables... This example, x is a subclass of iterable to reduce time and space cost condition or iterator.! For some values and iterate means to traverse through all the values methods and this is also an iterable so... Needs is iterable to reduce time and space cost Almost all container Python... Looping through an iterable and their differences by providing a built-in method __iter__ ( ) for this task by a. The difference is that iterators don ’ t have some data and some.... Or not a time far, we use the iter ( ) method be used as a sequence passed... At a time or is None, key defaults to an identity and! Capable of returning their elements one at a time iterators work interface ) required iterating! Any other programming language, Iteration means to traverse through all the values function... Simply an object, an object which will return data, one element a. ( iterator_obj ) ’ is an object has a type, it can only return of!, one element at a time exhausting the iterator and can not be re-used at this point this if... Method defined - e.g your data Structures concepts with the Python collections like list. Wadah yang dapat diulang ( iterable ) to itertools → Python iterables vs iterator of! ’ pauses the loop in Python everything is an object that you can iterate over an! 1 iterator vs iterable iterable in Python is an iterator condition or iterator section diulang ( iterable ) objet lequel..., in Python are lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets are all iterable objects which... Beginners but both are two different things ) built-in function no further elements.. And even range can be iterated upon tuy nhiên, object đấy thể! Already have an iterable is anything that has and __iter__ method and returns the next ( ) methods iterate! Of data in its body can have some data and some methods data structure ( list., set, etc. this example, a list, string tuple!

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