The economy grew so much during the Sui Dynasty that China minted paper money to keep up with the rise in business. Qin Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty used Legalism as their framework Han Dynasty Structure was a modified version of the Qin structure of central and local government The short term effects of legalism in the Qin Dynasty were very negative on its culture. Legalism in Qin Dynasty China was known as a focus on greater efficiency and less adherence to tradition in which there was a more strict adherence to the letter of the law. The three elements of proper government according to the theory are the following: 1. Legalism, school of Chinese philosophy that attained prominence during the turbulent Warring States era (475–221 bce) and, through the influence of the philosophers Shang Yang, Li Si, and Hanfeizi, formed the ideological basis of China’s first imperial dynasty, the Qin (221–207 bce ). 1670 Words7 Pages. Li Shanchang (1314–1390), a founding Prime Minister of the Ming dynasty, studied Chinese Legalism. Legalism was based on the premise that humans are inherently evil. Towards the end of the Zhou Dynasty (1100-221 BCE), three main philosophies emerged in response to the disorder of the warring states period: Daoism, Legalism, and Confucianism. The Qin dynasty or Ch'in dynasty (, Chinese: 秦朝; pinyin: Qíncháo; Wade–Giles: Chʻin²-chʻao²) was the first dynasty of Imperial China, lasting from 221 to 206 BC. Though the Chinese may hold understandable contempt for Shih Huangdi and the Qin dynasty, it is important that they keep his gratitude towards them as well. d. Empress Wu, the only female emperor of China, ruled during the Sui Dynasty. In contrast to Taoism's intuitive anarchy, and Confucianism's benevolence, Legalism is a Classical Chinese philosophy that emphasizes the need for order above all other human concerns. The first dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, was a new start for the Chinese citizens. Civilians were forced to work on projects such as new roads or the Great Wall of China which ended up with nearly 400,000 fatalities from starving, exhausted workers. Legalism Facts. It is said that Li was the Emperor Hongwu's closest comrade during the war, and greatest contributor to his ultimate victory and thus establishment of the Ming Dynasty. During the Zhou dynasty, a barbarian invasion drives the Zhou rulers eastwards. Match each dynasty with its qualities or achievements. Qin becomes a close ally of the Zhou. During this dynasty, Qin Shihuangdi attacked one state after another and established a centralized imperial rule. However, the real goal is to increase the power of the ruler and the control of the state. Yet, just like Lord Shang, the Qin Dynasty and its Legalist policies met an early end—it collapsed around 207 or 206 BCE. The Zhou Dynasty clung to power for more than 800 years— from 1027 B.C. Legalism was never officially recognized as a state ideology as Confucianism would be from the Han Dynasty until the collapse of the last empire, the Qing, in 1911. That enabled its armies to defeat the other kingdoms and create the Chinese Empire. Legalists believe the law should be so carefully laid out that no matter the strength of the ruler, they could always rely on the law to maintain authority (Ouellette, 2010). The idea of ruling a powerful government based on the principle of using two conflicting ideologies at the same time appeared foreign to most dynasties of early China. Informers would be rewarded for reporting others for unlawful behavior. Show More. The political doctrine developed during the brutal years of the Fourth Century BCE (Schafer 83). Hanfei’s theory of leadership was constructed around three core. Legalism would survive in the state of Qin and would be a vital tool utilized by Shihuangdi, the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty, who emerged victorious from the Warring States Period in 221 BCE. The next dynasty was the Zhou. This suggests that Qin Shi Huangdi justified strict centralized control by using the people to strengthen Qin. By 1850, the practically unmanageable Chinese population had increased to 430 million people, growing at a rate far higher than the growth of food production. A dynasty is, essentially, a period of rule of a kingdom or empire by a single family—although, in China, the size and makeup of an imperial “family” can be quite flexible. 1863 Words 8 Pages. During the Sui Dynasty, China established lasting ties to the West through direct contact with Marco Polo and other Venetian traders. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), the dynasty was founded by Qin Shi Huang, the First Emperor of Qin. Legalism ideals originated in about 3,000 to 4,000 years ago, from judicial officials of the Xia and Shang Dynasty in the history of China. Unlike Confucianism, Taoism, or Mohism, Legalism didn’t have an exact founder. The state of Qin becomes a close ally of the Zhou. The emperor wasted resources on building a large army. Aftermath and Impact. Origin and Founder of the Legalism . As problems grew, the Chinese people began rebelling against the Qing dynasty. This canal helped send half a million Chinese troops to conquer the lands to the south. The government was in total control of the people from the belief legalism in the Qin dynasty of ancient China. -creation of the Silk Road -growth of bureaucracy and Legalism -harsh punishments given to those who disobeyed the law -introduced the Mandate of Heaven Han Dynasty Gin Dynasty Zhou Dynasty. Why Confucianism defeated Legalism as well as other philosophical schools in Han dynasty and thrived thereafter is a very interesting and important topic in Chinese history. The term “Legalist school” (fa jia法家) is ubiquitous in studies of early Answers: 3. Legalism was a strict, inhumane ideology, and the citizens suffered through the harsh laws and punishments. It was developed in 4th century BCE by a Qin statesman Shang Yang in the Warring States Period, and was implemented as the official state policy of the Qin Dynasty (Mark 2017). Written By: Legalism, school of Chinese philosophy that attained prominence during the turbulent Warring States era (475–221 bce) and, through the influence of the philosophers Shang Yang, Li Si, and Hanfeizi, formed the ideological basis of China’s first imperial dynasty, the Qin (221–207 bce). But the Qin dynasty survived only a few years after the death of the first emperor. Shih: Power and Position 2. When everyone was tired of the warring period, Qin Shi Huang Di stood up and unified the country with the ideology of the Legalism. Although, Hanfeizi did not believe that Confucian teachings taught proper behavior. A basic punishment and rewards system was put in place. Which dynasty used the Legalist form of government, which was a centralized system that divided the country into 36 territories ruled by officials? Legalism was based on the teachings of Hanfeizi. These three philosophies played a great role in the development of China and were all utilized at some point in Chinese history. The basic presupposition of [Legalism] is that people are naturally inclined to wrongdoing, and therefore the authority of laws and the state are required for human welfare. These inci-dents were the Ch'in burning of the books and execution of scholars. During the Warring States period and Qin dynasty, Legalism took place of all other philosophical schools and helped King Zheng, the First Emperor, to unify China for the first time. Legalism is a Chinese political philosophy that emphasis’s obedience to the law above all else. Legalism was the foundation of the Qin Dynasty, and was what largely enabled the state of Qin to unify China in 221 BCE (Chinese Ministry of Culture, 2005). Legalism was the foundation of the Qin Dynasty, and was what largely enabled the state of Qin to unify China in 221 BCE (Chinese Ministry of Culture, 2005). Legalists believe the law should be so carefully laid out that no matter the strength of the ruler, they could always rely on the law to maintain authority (Ouellette, 2010). 771 bc. to 221 B.C. The laws supported by the Legalists were meant to support the state, the emperor, and his military. The Legalists hammered Qin into a strong state with a strong military. THE CH'IN DYNASTY: LEGALISM AND CONFUCIANISM Two of the profound and dramatic events in Chinese history two thousand years ago have evoked continuous, animated discussion and passionate criticism against Ch'in down to the present day. Legalism is often seen as the most important philosophical schools of thought of the Warring States period in ancient China, applied by the key founders of the Qin State, and later the rulers of the Qin Dynasty. Without Legalism, China very well might not have become united and centralized the way it is today. nique). After Qin’s What were the major tenets of Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism, and what role did each play in political and philosophical debates during the Zhou Dynasty? Match each dynasty with its qualities or achievements. For example, at the beginning of the Han Dynasty (206 BC – 220), the Daoist was followed as a national strategy of governance. There was a brief revival of Legalism during the Sui dynasty's efforts to reunify China. China was ruled for centuries by one dynasty, or ruling family, after another. Legalism is the third school of thought that devoted their attention to the state. Hanfeizi was concerned and focused on creating peace and order in society, like Confucius. Huang to unite China in 221 BC, why did many rulers avoid promoting the Legalism publically as 1 Other strategies of governance were also practiced in ancient China. He built the Lingqu Canal, which joined the Yangtze River basin to the Canton area via the Li River. The state of Qin guards the western frontier, gradually moving eastward and occupying the original Zhou territory. The First Emperor divided China into provinces, with civil and military officials in a hierarchy of ranks. In early Chinese times, after the Period of the Warring States, two ideologies emerged: Legalism and Confucianism. - 2311250 Qin dynasty- supported the growth of Legalism, builder of the Great Wall of China, Han dynasty- builder of the Silk Road, considered a golden age of China’s history. Hammurabi's code of laws and the Qin Dynasty legalism are similar and both promoted the idea that _____? These differences appealed to the rulers of the Ch’in Dynasty as they began the unification of China, which gave rise to the first Empire of China. But for the last 500 years of that time, it ruled in name only. The heyday of Legalism was in the Kingdom of Qin just before the creation of the Chinese Empire. Shu: Administrative techniques and methods 3. The first great dynasty was the Shang, which ruled much of China for about 400 years. Legalism was his political philosophy and his citizens rebelled against Qin’s imperial structure and policies. The Daoist school promoted Legalism and Chinese Philosophy. Legalism in Qin Dynasty China was known as a focus on greater efficiency and less adherence to tradition in which there was a more strict adherence to the letter of the law. Fa: A … This school is opposed to Confucianism in that, especially after Mengzi, Confucianism emphasized the inherent goodness of human nature (208). Legalism is a philosophy which originated in the Zhou Dynasty, a dynasty of ancient China. The emperor focused on cruel punishments to enforce strict laws. Legalism offered new answers about how to solve problems that interfere with order and good government. Explanation: The various dynasties of China and their characteristics/ achievements are listed as follows-. creation of the Silk Road growth of bureaucracy and Legalism harsh punishments given to those who disobeyed the … What innovative contributions to Chinese political, economic, and social development were made by the Zhou Dynasty? Legalism however, went beyond the urge for a need of tough, and comprehensive laws, it consisted of three main elements. Legalism ideals originated about 3,000 to 4,000 years ago, from judicial officials of the Xia and Shang Dynasty in the history of China. concepts, namely, shih (power), fa (law), and shu (management tech-. Legalism and Confucianism in the Han Dyansty. The idea of ruling a powerful government based on the principle of using two conflicting ideologies at the same time appeared foreign to most dynasties of early China. In early Chinese times, after the Period of the Warring States, two ideologies emerged: Legalism and Confucianism. How did following the ideas of Legalism contribute to the downfall of the Qin dynasty during the reign of Emperor Shi Huangdi? The goal of legalism is overtly to create order and a productive society. The emperor was weakened because he supported fair treatment for all. This suggests that Qin Shi Huangdi justified strict centralized control by using the people to strengthen Qin. 2 Han Dynasty China Trevor R. Getz Transformative Dynasty The Han dynasty is one of the great dynasties in Chinese history, encompassing nearly 400 years of expansion and consolidation. Legalism and Confucianism in the Han Dyansty. The Qin dynasty owes its existence to Legalism, but so does China as a whole.

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